Biography of Admiral Cheng Ho. He was a Muslim eunuch who became a confidant of the Yongle Emperor of China (reigned in 1403-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. His real name was Ma He, also known as Ma Sanbao, comes from Yunnan province. When the Ming army conquered Yunnan, Zheng was arrested and then made eunuchs. He is an ethnic Hui, tribes that are physically similar to the Han, but Muslim. In the Ming Shi (History of the Ming Dynasty) there are a lot of information pertaining to the origin of Cheng Ho. Just mention that he came from Yunnan Province, known as the eunuch (servant) San Bao. The name was in plain Fujian dialect spoken San Po, Sam Poo, or Sam Po. Another source said, Ma He (Cheng Ho's maiden name) who was born in Hong Wu 4th (1371 M) is a subsidiary of the 2nd pair Ma Hazhi and Wen.
When Ma He was 12 years old, Yunnan controlled Yuan Dynasty captured by the Ming Dynasty. The young prisoner, even castrated, then taken to Nanjing to be a palace eunuch. No exception Zheng dedicated to the King Zhu Di in the palace Beiping (now Beijing).
In front of Zhu Di, eunuchs San Bao managed to show the greatness and courage. For example when leading his men in a military offensive against the Emperor Zhu Yunwen (Ming Dynasty). Abdi is tall, large and wide-faced looks so dashing bulldoze his opponents. Finally, Zhu Di seized the throne of the emperor.
When the emperor launched a program of return of the glory of China slumped due to the fall of the Mongol Dynasty (1368), Zheng He offered to conduct goodwill to various parts of the country. The emperor was surprised and touched by the desperate requests pertained. How not mandate it should be done across the ocean. But because that was about to undergo a brave person is known, the emperor's okay.
Expedition cruise Laksama Cheng HoChinese flotilla departed under the command of Zheng (1405). The first large group prayed in a mosque in the old city of Quanzhou (Fujian Province). The first voyage is capable of reaching parts of Southeast Asia (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java). Year 1407-1409 expedition set off again in the second. A third expedition from 1409 to 1411. The third expedition to reach India and Srilanka. In 1413-1415 re-implement the expedition, this time reaching Aden, the Persian Gulf, and Mogadishu (East Africa). The line was repeated again in the fifth expedition (1417-1419) and sixth (1421-1422). Last Expedition (1431-1433) managed to reach the Red Sea.
Zheng He sailed to Malacca in the 15th century. At that time, a Chinese princess Hang Li Po (or Hang Liu), was sent by the Chinese emperor to marry the King of Malacca (Sultan Mansur Shah). In 1424, Emperor Yongle died. His successor, Hongxi Emperor (reigned 1424-1425 year, decided to reduce the influence of eunuchs in the royal court. Cheng Ho did the expedition again during the reign of Xuande Emperor (reigned 1426-1435).
Ships carrying Cheng Ho called 'ship heirloom' is the largest ship in the 15th century. Its length reaches 44.4 zhang (138 m) and a width of 18 zhang (56 m). Five times larger than Columbus ship. According to historians, JV Mills capacity of the vessel is 2500 tons.
Model ship was an inspiration adventurous Spain and Portugal as well as modern cruise today. Good design, resistant to the storm, and equipped with current technology was quite sophisticated like a magnetic compass. Cheng Ho undertake expeditions to various regions in Asia and Africa, among others:
Vietnamese
taiwan
Malacca / parts of Malaysia
Sumatra / parts of Indonesia
Java / parts of IndonesiaSri LankaSouthern IndiaPersianPersian GulfArabRed Sea, to the north to EgyptAfrica, to the south as the Mozambique ChannelBecause a Muslim, his friends know that Cheng Ho wanted to do Hajj to Mecca as has been done by his late father, but archaeologists and historians do not have a strong evidence of this. Zheng He undertook an expedition at least seven times by boat fleet.
The fleet is composed of 27,000 men and 307 ships (fleet) of ships. Consisting of large and small vessels, from masted ship masted screen three to nine screens. The ship has a length of about 400 feet or 120 meters wide and 160 feet or 50 meters. Order the sail consists of Chinese bamboo. During the voyage they bring supplies such diverse animals such as cows, chickens and goats that can then be slaughtered for the crew during the trip. In addition, it also brings so many Chinese bamboo as spares order following mast also not miss the cloth Silk for sale.
In this expedition, Zheng He brought forth numerous awards and delegates of more than 30 kingdoms - including King Alagonakkara of Sri Lanka, who came to China to apologize to the Chinese emperor. At the time of return of Zheng He brought a lot of valuable items including leather and Frankincense tree sap, gemstones (ruby, emerald and others) and even some Africans, Indians and Arabs as evidence of his travels. It also brought home some native African animals including a giraffe as a gift from one of the king of Africa, but unfortunately the giraffe died on the way home.
Life magazine put Cheng Ho as the number 14 most important people in the last millennium. Zheng He's voyages resulted Navigation Map Cheng Ho who is able to change the navigation map of the world until the 15th century. In this book there are 24 cruise navigation maps on the direction, distance in the oceans, and various ports.
Cheng Ho is the explorer with the largest fleet in the history of the world ever recorded. Also has the largest timber ships and all time to the present. In addition, he is the leader of the wise and prudent, given the fleet is so much he and his men never invaded a country or region where the fleet docked.
During in India belongs to Kolkata, the men also brought a local martial arts called Kallary Payatt which once developed country has become a martial art of Kung Fu. As the Hui (ethnic Chinese are synonymous with Muslim) Cheng Ho had converted to Islam since birth. His grandfather was a pilgrim. His father, Ma Hazhi, also perform the fifth pillar of Islam. According Hembing Wijayakusuma, hazhi name in Mandarin is referring to the word 'Hajj'.
The month of Ramadan is a time of highly-awaited Cheng Ho. On December 7, 1411 after a voyage to 3, an official at Beijing's palace took home to his village, Kunyang, to visit the tomb of his father. When Ramadan comes, Cheng Ho choose to fast in the village were always lively. He was immersed in religious activities until Eid arrives.
Whenever sailing, many crew members are Muslims who participated. Before you go to sea, they are praying pilgrims. Some Muslim leaders who've joined is Ma Huan, Guo Chongli, Fei Xin, Hassan, Sha'ban, and Pu Heri. "Ship-boat filled with soldiers who consisted mostly of Muslims," wrote HAMKA. Ma Huan and Guo Chongli who is fluent in Arabic and Persian, served as an interpreter. While Hassan who is also chairman of the mosque in Xian Tang Shi (Shan Xi province), strengthen the role of China diplomatic relations with the Islamic countries. Hassan also was in charge of religious activities in the expedition group, for example in carrying out the burial at sea or intent to lead the prayer when the fleet was attacked storm.
Prosperity mosque also never be forgotten Cheng Ho. In 1413 he was renovating mosques Qinging (northeast Regency Xian). In 1430 restoring the mosque San San in Nanjing damaged by fire. The restoration of the mosque received direct assistance from the emperor. Some historians believe that the true adventurer's own pilgrimage. It's no historical records to prove it, but the pilgrimage may be performed when the last expedition (1431-1433). At the time of his entourage was stopped at Jeddah.
During his life Cheng Ho is often expressed a desire to go on pilgrimage as his grandfather and father. This obsession even brought up dying. To the extent that he sent Ma Huan went to Mecca in order to portray him Kaaba. This intrepid Muslims died in 1433 at Calicut (India), in his final voyage.
Cheng Ho and IndonesiaCheng Ho visited the islands in Indonesia for seven times. When Ocean Pasai, he gave a giant bell "Chakra Donya" to the Sultan of Aceh, which is now stored in the museum in Banda Aceh. In 1415, Cheng Ho docked at Muara Jati (Cirebon), and presented some unique souvenirs of China to the Sultan of Cirebon. One legacy, a plate that read paragraph seats are still stored in the palace Kasepuhan Cirebon.
Never in his journey through the Java Sea, Wang Jinghong (the second in a fleet of Zheng He) was seriously ill. Wang finally down at the beach Simongan, Semarang, and settled there. One proof of the legacy include Sam Poo Kong (Gedung Batu) as well as a statue called Mbah Ledakar Squire Dampo Awang Sam Po Kong. Zheng also visited the Majapahit Empire during the reign of Wikramawardhana.
source : biografiku
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